Proposition 3

Background

Most State Money Comes From the Income Tax. It pays for most spending from the state’s main operating account, the General Fund. The General Fund is the account the state uses to pay for most public services, including education, health care, and prisons. The tax applies to most types of income, such as salaries, wages, interest, and profits from the sale of stocks, property, and other investments. The income tax rate starts out low and gradually goes up for taxpayers with higher incomes. For example, a married couple pays a 1 percent tax on the first $21,000 of income, a 2 percent tax on income between $21,000 and $50,000, and a 4 percent tax on income between $50,000 and $80,000.

Prior Voter-Approved Tax Increases. Voters approved Proposition 30 in 2012 to temporarily increase income tax rates on high-income taxpayers. In 2016, voters approved Proposition 55 to extend these higher rates until 2030. The top 2 percent of California taxpayers pay these higher rates. These taxpayers pay about half of all state income taxes.

How Does the State Spend Its Money? This year, the state plans to spend about $250 billion from the General Fund to pay for services to the public. About half of this spending is for schools, community colleges, and the state’s public universities. (The State Constitution sets a minimum spending level for schools and community colleges.) About another one-third of state spending is for health and human services programs, mainly for the state’s low-income health insurance program, Medi-Cal. The rest goes mostly to prisons, courts, and other state services.

Proposal

Proposition 3 makes the higher income tax rates established by Proposition 30 permanent instead of letting them expire in 2031.

Under Proposition 3, a single filer making:

• Over $743,000 per year will continue to pay 12.3%,
• $446,000 - $743,000 per year will continue to pay 11.3%,
• $371,000 - $446,000 per year will continue to pay 10.3%,
• $73,000 - $371,000 per year will continue to pay 9.3%,
• $58,000 - $73,000 per year will continue to pay 8%.

If Proposition 3 is rejected, after 2030, a single filer making:

• Over $743,000 per year will pay 9.3%,
• $446,000 - $743,000 per year will pay 9.3%,
• $371,000 - $446,000 per year will pay 9.3%,
• $73,000 - $371,000 per year will pay 9.3%,
• $58,000 - $73,000 per year will pay 8%.

Fiscal Effects

Proposition 3 Would Bring in Between $5 Billion and $15 Billion Each Year. The amount of money brought in by Proposition 3 will go up and down a lot from year to year. This is because much of the revenue comes from taxing income that is closely tied to the stock market, which is always changing. In a weak year, the proposition might bring in around $5 billion in revenue to the state. In a strong year, the proposition might bring in $15 billion in revenue to the state. In most years, revenue would be in between these amounts.

Funding for Education and Other Programs. Proposition 3 results in funding for education and other programs. Roughly 40 percent of the funding would go to schools and community colleges. 

Source: LAO Analysis of Proposition 3